How to prove that function $f(p)= frac{1}{(p^2 - 1)} sum_{q=3}^p frac{q^2-3}{q}[qtext{ is prime}]$ is less...

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Expand and Contract



How to prove that function $f(p)= frac{1}{(p^2 - 1)} sum_{q=3}^p frac{q^2-3}{q}[qtext{ is prime}]$ is less than 0.3 for all $p$?


Estimate for the product of primes less than nHow can I list all numbers relatively prime to X? (but less than X)Equation with a sum for the prime-counting function involving the Mobius functionCan't understand source of constant for prime counting function:Can you prove this formula for computing prime numbers is correct?Why can this cosine sum function show all primes less than $N^2$?A function that returns the highest prime less than or equal to $n$About how many prime exponents $n$ can we expect for ($a^n-b^n$)/($a-b$)?Is $N^n(p_n#)-p_n#$ always prime for all $ninmathbb{N}_{>1}$?Reference request: a formula for the prime-counting function













4












$begingroup$


How to prove that function $f(p)= frac{1}{(p^2 - 1)} sum_{q=3}^p frac{q^2-3}{q}[qtext{ is prime}]$ is less than 0.3 for all $p$?



Let's suppose that we have a function defined as follows:



$f(p) = frac{1}{(p^2 - 1)} sum_{q=3}^p frac{q^2-3}{q}[qtext{ is prime}]$



where $p$ is a prime number and $[...]$ are Iverson brackets.



Here are the first few values of $f(p)$:



$f(3) = frac{1}{(3^2 - 1)} times frac {(3^2-3)}{3}$



$f(3) = frac{1}{8} times frac{6}{3}$



$f(3) = 0.25$



$f(5) = frac{1}{(5^2 - 1)} times [ frac{(3^2-3)}{3} +frac{(5^2-3)}{5} ]$



$f(5) = frac{1}{24} times [ frac{6}{3} +frac{22}{5} ]$



$f(5) = 0.26667$



$f(7) = frac{1}{(7^2 - 1)} times [ frac{(3^2-3)}{3} +frac{(5^2-3)}{5} +frac{(7^2-3)}{7}]$



$f(7) = frac{1}{48} times [ frac{6}{3} +frac{22}{5} +frac{46}{7}]$



$f(7) = 0.273214286$



$f(11) = frac{1}{(11^2 - 1)} times [ frac{(3^2-3)}{3} +frac{(5^2-3)}{5} +frac{(7^2-3)}{7}+frac{(11^2-3)}{11}]$



$f(11) = frac{1}{120} times [ frac{6}{3} +frac{22}{5} +frac{46}{7}+frac{118}{11}]$



$f(11) = 0.198679654$



How to prove that $f(p)$ is always less than 0.3 for all prime numbers $p$?



I wrote a program to calculate $f(p)$ for the first $1000$ primes up to $p = 7,927$ and graphically it appears to approach $0$ with a maximum value of $0.2732$ at $p=7$. From the graph, it looks like it should be easy, but for some reason, I cannot figure it out.



Notice that $f(3) < f(5) < f(7)$, but $f(7) > f(11)$ so a proof by induction may not work.



Values of f(p)










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    $$sum_{q=3}^p dfrac{q^2-3}{q} = dfrac{1}{2}left(p^2+p-6-6H_pright)$$ where $$H_p$$ is the $p$-th Harmonic Number. This is less than $$dfrac{1}{2}left(p^2+p-6-6ln pright)$$. Does that help?
    $endgroup$
    – InterstellarProbe
    Mar 18 at 20:46












  • $begingroup$
    In the formula you sum over all values of $q$ from $3$ to $p$, while in the examples you only add up the terms for odd $q$.
    $endgroup$
    – Wojowu
    Mar 18 at 20:52










  • $begingroup$
    @Wojowu, the OP is actually summing over odd primes. They say so in the problem, but should probably emphasize it, maybe by putting it in boldface.
    $endgroup$
    – Barry Cipra
    Mar 18 at 23:37










  • $begingroup$
    I have edited the question to include, more visibly, that $q$ is a prime.
    $endgroup$
    – robjohn
    Mar 19 at 13:52


















4












$begingroup$


How to prove that function $f(p)= frac{1}{(p^2 - 1)} sum_{q=3}^p frac{q^2-3}{q}[qtext{ is prime}]$ is less than 0.3 for all $p$?



Let's suppose that we have a function defined as follows:



$f(p) = frac{1}{(p^2 - 1)} sum_{q=3}^p frac{q^2-3}{q}[qtext{ is prime}]$



where $p$ is a prime number and $[...]$ are Iverson brackets.



Here are the first few values of $f(p)$:



$f(3) = frac{1}{(3^2 - 1)} times frac {(3^2-3)}{3}$



$f(3) = frac{1}{8} times frac{6}{3}$



$f(3) = 0.25$



$f(5) = frac{1}{(5^2 - 1)} times [ frac{(3^2-3)}{3} +frac{(5^2-3)}{5} ]$



$f(5) = frac{1}{24} times [ frac{6}{3} +frac{22}{5} ]$



$f(5) = 0.26667$



$f(7) = frac{1}{(7^2 - 1)} times [ frac{(3^2-3)}{3} +frac{(5^2-3)}{5} +frac{(7^2-3)}{7}]$



$f(7) = frac{1}{48} times [ frac{6}{3} +frac{22}{5} +frac{46}{7}]$



$f(7) = 0.273214286$



$f(11) = frac{1}{(11^2 - 1)} times [ frac{(3^2-3)}{3} +frac{(5^2-3)}{5} +frac{(7^2-3)}{7}+frac{(11^2-3)}{11}]$



$f(11) = frac{1}{120} times [ frac{6}{3} +frac{22}{5} +frac{46}{7}+frac{118}{11}]$



$f(11) = 0.198679654$



How to prove that $f(p)$ is always less than 0.3 for all prime numbers $p$?



I wrote a program to calculate $f(p)$ for the first $1000$ primes up to $p = 7,927$ and graphically it appears to approach $0$ with a maximum value of $0.2732$ at $p=7$. From the graph, it looks like it should be easy, but for some reason, I cannot figure it out.



Notice that $f(3) < f(5) < f(7)$, but $f(7) > f(11)$ so a proof by induction may not work.



Values of f(p)










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    $$sum_{q=3}^p dfrac{q^2-3}{q} = dfrac{1}{2}left(p^2+p-6-6H_pright)$$ where $$H_p$$ is the $p$-th Harmonic Number. This is less than $$dfrac{1}{2}left(p^2+p-6-6ln pright)$$. Does that help?
    $endgroup$
    – InterstellarProbe
    Mar 18 at 20:46












  • $begingroup$
    In the formula you sum over all values of $q$ from $3$ to $p$, while in the examples you only add up the terms for odd $q$.
    $endgroup$
    – Wojowu
    Mar 18 at 20:52










  • $begingroup$
    @Wojowu, the OP is actually summing over odd primes. They say so in the problem, but should probably emphasize it, maybe by putting it in boldface.
    $endgroup$
    – Barry Cipra
    Mar 18 at 23:37










  • $begingroup$
    I have edited the question to include, more visibly, that $q$ is a prime.
    $endgroup$
    – robjohn
    Mar 19 at 13:52
















4












4








4


1



$begingroup$


How to prove that function $f(p)= frac{1}{(p^2 - 1)} sum_{q=3}^p frac{q^2-3}{q}[qtext{ is prime}]$ is less than 0.3 for all $p$?



Let's suppose that we have a function defined as follows:



$f(p) = frac{1}{(p^2 - 1)} sum_{q=3}^p frac{q^2-3}{q}[qtext{ is prime}]$



where $p$ is a prime number and $[...]$ are Iverson brackets.



Here are the first few values of $f(p)$:



$f(3) = frac{1}{(3^2 - 1)} times frac {(3^2-3)}{3}$



$f(3) = frac{1}{8} times frac{6}{3}$



$f(3) = 0.25$



$f(5) = frac{1}{(5^2 - 1)} times [ frac{(3^2-3)}{3} +frac{(5^2-3)}{5} ]$



$f(5) = frac{1}{24} times [ frac{6}{3} +frac{22}{5} ]$



$f(5) = 0.26667$



$f(7) = frac{1}{(7^2 - 1)} times [ frac{(3^2-3)}{3} +frac{(5^2-3)}{5} +frac{(7^2-3)}{7}]$



$f(7) = frac{1}{48} times [ frac{6}{3} +frac{22}{5} +frac{46}{7}]$



$f(7) = 0.273214286$



$f(11) = frac{1}{(11^2 - 1)} times [ frac{(3^2-3)}{3} +frac{(5^2-3)}{5} +frac{(7^2-3)}{7}+frac{(11^2-3)}{11}]$



$f(11) = frac{1}{120} times [ frac{6}{3} +frac{22}{5} +frac{46}{7}+frac{118}{11}]$



$f(11) = 0.198679654$



How to prove that $f(p)$ is always less than 0.3 for all prime numbers $p$?



I wrote a program to calculate $f(p)$ for the first $1000$ primes up to $p = 7,927$ and graphically it appears to approach $0$ with a maximum value of $0.2732$ at $p=7$. From the graph, it looks like it should be easy, but for some reason, I cannot figure it out.



Notice that $f(3) < f(5) < f(7)$, but $f(7) > f(11)$ so a proof by induction may not work.



Values of f(p)










share|cite|improve this question











$endgroup$




How to prove that function $f(p)= frac{1}{(p^2 - 1)} sum_{q=3}^p frac{q^2-3}{q}[qtext{ is prime}]$ is less than 0.3 for all $p$?



Let's suppose that we have a function defined as follows:



$f(p) = frac{1}{(p^2 - 1)} sum_{q=3}^p frac{q^2-3}{q}[qtext{ is prime}]$



where $p$ is a prime number and $[...]$ are Iverson brackets.



Here are the first few values of $f(p)$:



$f(3) = frac{1}{(3^2 - 1)} times frac {(3^2-3)}{3}$



$f(3) = frac{1}{8} times frac{6}{3}$



$f(3) = 0.25$



$f(5) = frac{1}{(5^2 - 1)} times [ frac{(3^2-3)}{3} +frac{(5^2-3)}{5} ]$



$f(5) = frac{1}{24} times [ frac{6}{3} +frac{22}{5} ]$



$f(5) = 0.26667$



$f(7) = frac{1}{(7^2 - 1)} times [ frac{(3^2-3)}{3} +frac{(5^2-3)}{5} +frac{(7^2-3)}{7}]$



$f(7) = frac{1}{48} times [ frac{6}{3} +frac{22}{5} +frac{46}{7}]$



$f(7) = 0.273214286$



$f(11) = frac{1}{(11^2 - 1)} times [ frac{(3^2-3)}{3} +frac{(5^2-3)}{5} +frac{(7^2-3)}{7}+frac{(11^2-3)}{11}]$



$f(11) = frac{1}{120} times [ frac{6}{3} +frac{22}{5} +frac{46}{7}+frac{118}{11}]$



$f(11) = 0.198679654$



How to prove that $f(p)$ is always less than 0.3 for all prime numbers $p$?



I wrote a program to calculate $f(p)$ for the first $1000$ primes up to $p = 7,927$ and graphically it appears to approach $0$ with a maximum value of $0.2732$ at $p=7$. From the graph, it looks like it should be easy, but for some reason, I cannot figure it out.



Notice that $f(3) < f(5) < f(7)$, but $f(7) > f(11)$ so a proof by induction may not work.



Values of f(p)







number-theory proof-writing prime-numbers






share|cite|improve this question















share|cite|improve this question













share|cite|improve this question




share|cite|improve this question








edited Mar 19 at 13:49









robjohn

270k27312640




270k27312640










asked Mar 18 at 20:35









temp wattstemp watts

855




855








  • 1




    $begingroup$
    $$sum_{q=3}^p dfrac{q^2-3}{q} = dfrac{1}{2}left(p^2+p-6-6H_pright)$$ where $$H_p$$ is the $p$-th Harmonic Number. This is less than $$dfrac{1}{2}left(p^2+p-6-6ln pright)$$. Does that help?
    $endgroup$
    – InterstellarProbe
    Mar 18 at 20:46












  • $begingroup$
    In the formula you sum over all values of $q$ from $3$ to $p$, while in the examples you only add up the terms for odd $q$.
    $endgroup$
    – Wojowu
    Mar 18 at 20:52










  • $begingroup$
    @Wojowu, the OP is actually summing over odd primes. They say so in the problem, but should probably emphasize it, maybe by putting it in boldface.
    $endgroup$
    – Barry Cipra
    Mar 18 at 23:37










  • $begingroup$
    I have edited the question to include, more visibly, that $q$ is a prime.
    $endgroup$
    – robjohn
    Mar 19 at 13:52
















  • 1




    $begingroup$
    $$sum_{q=3}^p dfrac{q^2-3}{q} = dfrac{1}{2}left(p^2+p-6-6H_pright)$$ where $$H_p$$ is the $p$-th Harmonic Number. This is less than $$dfrac{1}{2}left(p^2+p-6-6ln pright)$$. Does that help?
    $endgroup$
    – InterstellarProbe
    Mar 18 at 20:46












  • $begingroup$
    In the formula you sum over all values of $q$ from $3$ to $p$, while in the examples you only add up the terms for odd $q$.
    $endgroup$
    – Wojowu
    Mar 18 at 20:52










  • $begingroup$
    @Wojowu, the OP is actually summing over odd primes. They say so in the problem, but should probably emphasize it, maybe by putting it in boldface.
    $endgroup$
    – Barry Cipra
    Mar 18 at 23:37










  • $begingroup$
    I have edited the question to include, more visibly, that $q$ is a prime.
    $endgroup$
    – robjohn
    Mar 19 at 13:52










1




1




$begingroup$
$$sum_{q=3}^p dfrac{q^2-3}{q} = dfrac{1}{2}left(p^2+p-6-6H_pright)$$ where $$H_p$$ is the $p$-th Harmonic Number. This is less than $$dfrac{1}{2}left(p^2+p-6-6ln pright)$$. Does that help?
$endgroup$
– InterstellarProbe
Mar 18 at 20:46






$begingroup$
$$sum_{q=3}^p dfrac{q^2-3}{q} = dfrac{1}{2}left(p^2+p-6-6H_pright)$$ where $$H_p$$ is the $p$-th Harmonic Number. This is less than $$dfrac{1}{2}left(p^2+p-6-6ln pright)$$. Does that help?
$endgroup$
– InterstellarProbe
Mar 18 at 20:46














$begingroup$
In the formula you sum over all values of $q$ from $3$ to $p$, while in the examples you only add up the terms for odd $q$.
$endgroup$
– Wojowu
Mar 18 at 20:52




$begingroup$
In the formula you sum over all values of $q$ from $3$ to $p$, while in the examples you only add up the terms for odd $q$.
$endgroup$
– Wojowu
Mar 18 at 20:52












$begingroup$
@Wojowu, the OP is actually summing over odd primes. They say so in the problem, but should probably emphasize it, maybe by putting it in boldface.
$endgroup$
– Barry Cipra
Mar 18 at 23:37




$begingroup$
@Wojowu, the OP is actually summing over odd primes. They say so in the problem, but should probably emphasize it, maybe by putting it in boldface.
$endgroup$
– Barry Cipra
Mar 18 at 23:37












$begingroup$
I have edited the question to include, more visibly, that $q$ is a prime.
$endgroup$
– robjohn
Mar 19 at 13:52






$begingroup$
I have edited the question to include, more visibly, that $q$ is a prime.
$endgroup$
– robjohn
Mar 19 at 13:52












3 Answers
3






active

oldest

votes


















5












$begingroup$

$$
begin{align}
sum_{q=3}^pfrac{q^2-3}{q}
&=int_{3^-}^{p^+}frac{x^2-3}{x},mathrm{d}pi(x)\
&=left[frac{p^2-3}{p}pi(p)-2right]-int_{3^-}^{p^+}pi(x)left(1+frac3{x^2}right)mathrm{d}x\[3pt]
&=frac{p^2}{2log(p)}+frac{p^2}{4log(p)^2}+frac{p^2}{4log(p)^3}+O!left(frac{p^2}{log(p)^4}right)
end{align}
$$

Thus, we have
$$
frac1{p^2-1}sum_{q=3}^pfrac{q^2-3}{q}simfrac1{2log(p)}+frac1{4log(p)^2}+frac1{4log(p)^3}
$$

whose plot looks like



enter image description here






share|cite|improve this answer











$endgroup$





















    2












    $begingroup$

    $$f(p)=frac{1}{p^2-1}sum_{q=3}^pfrac{q^2-3}{q}$$
    If we use the fact that:
    $$sum_{q=3}^pfrac{q^2-3}{q}=sum_{q=3}^pq-3sum_{q=3}^pfrac1q$$
    Now we know that:
    $$sum_{q=3}^pq=sum_{q=1}^pq-sum_{q=1}^2q=frac{p(p+1)}{2}-3$$
    $$-3sum_{q=3}^pfrac1q=-3left[sum_{q=1}^pfrac1q-sum_{q=1}^2frac1qright]=-3left[ln(p)+gamma+frac{1}{2p}-frac32right]$$
    If we add these together we get:
    $$f(p)=frac{1}{p^2-1}left[frac{p(p+1)}{2}-3left(ln(p)+gamma+frac{1}{2p}-frac12right)right]$$
    Now if you find $f'(p)$ you can find a maximum value and find what this is






    share|cite|improve this answer









    $endgroup$













    • $begingroup$
      This does not work, the sum is over primes $q$
      $endgroup$
      – Crostul
      Mar 18 at 20:57










    • $begingroup$
      Ah my mistake, I missed the fact that we are only summing primes
      $endgroup$
      – Henry Lee
      Mar 18 at 20:58



















    1












    $begingroup$

    The result is true for $p = 3$, $5$, and $7$, so assume that $p = 2n+1$ for $n ge 4$.
    Note that all the primes $q$ occurring in the sum are odd. Thus



    $$
    begin{aligned}
    f(p) = f(2n+1) = & frac{1}{4n^2 + 4n} sum_{q=3}^{p, text{ with $q$ prime}} frac{q^2 - 3}{q}\
    < & frac{1}{4(n^2 + n)} sum_{q=3}^{p, text{ with $q$ prime}} q \
    < & frac{1}{4(n^2 + n)} sum_{q = 3}^{p, text{with $q$ odd}}
    q \
    = & frac{1}{4(n^2 + n)} sum_{j=1}^{n} (2j+1)\
    = & frac{n^2 +2n}{4(n^2 + n)} \
    = & frac{3}{10} - frac{(n-4)}{20(n+1)} \
    le & frac{3}{10}. end{aligned}$$



    In reality, $f(p) rightarrow 0$, since



    $$f(p) le frac{1}{p^2} sum_{q le p} q
    le frac{1}{p^2} sum_{q le p} p
    = frac{1}{p^2} cdot p pi(p) sim 1/log p.$$






    share|cite|improve this answer









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    • $begingroup$
      Welcome to Mathematics Stack Exchange! A quick tour will enhance your experience. Here are helpful tips to write a good question and write a good answer.
      $endgroup$
      – dantopa
      Mar 18 at 21:07










    • $begingroup$
      @dantopa strange that you would pick on this answer by a noob which is actually the only one which gives a complete answer to the OP. Not a good look for the site TBH.
      $endgroup$
      – user655377
      Mar 19 at 21:14










    • $begingroup$
      @user655377: It is unclear how a welcome message is a form of denigration. Perhaps you could elaborate.
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      Mar 19 at 23:23












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    3 Answers
    3






    active

    oldest

    votes








    3 Answers
    3






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    5












    $begingroup$

    $$
    begin{align}
    sum_{q=3}^pfrac{q^2-3}{q}
    &=int_{3^-}^{p^+}frac{x^2-3}{x},mathrm{d}pi(x)\
    &=left[frac{p^2-3}{p}pi(p)-2right]-int_{3^-}^{p^+}pi(x)left(1+frac3{x^2}right)mathrm{d}x\[3pt]
    &=frac{p^2}{2log(p)}+frac{p^2}{4log(p)^2}+frac{p^2}{4log(p)^3}+O!left(frac{p^2}{log(p)^4}right)
    end{align}
    $$

    Thus, we have
    $$
    frac1{p^2-1}sum_{q=3}^pfrac{q^2-3}{q}simfrac1{2log(p)}+frac1{4log(p)^2}+frac1{4log(p)^3}
    $$

    whose plot looks like



    enter image description here






    share|cite|improve this answer











    $endgroup$


















      5












      $begingroup$

      $$
      begin{align}
      sum_{q=3}^pfrac{q^2-3}{q}
      &=int_{3^-}^{p^+}frac{x^2-3}{x},mathrm{d}pi(x)\
      &=left[frac{p^2-3}{p}pi(p)-2right]-int_{3^-}^{p^+}pi(x)left(1+frac3{x^2}right)mathrm{d}x\[3pt]
      &=frac{p^2}{2log(p)}+frac{p^2}{4log(p)^2}+frac{p^2}{4log(p)^3}+O!left(frac{p^2}{log(p)^4}right)
      end{align}
      $$

      Thus, we have
      $$
      frac1{p^2-1}sum_{q=3}^pfrac{q^2-3}{q}simfrac1{2log(p)}+frac1{4log(p)^2}+frac1{4log(p)^3}
      $$

      whose plot looks like



      enter image description here






      share|cite|improve this answer











      $endgroup$
















        5












        5








        5





        $begingroup$

        $$
        begin{align}
        sum_{q=3}^pfrac{q^2-3}{q}
        &=int_{3^-}^{p^+}frac{x^2-3}{x},mathrm{d}pi(x)\
        &=left[frac{p^2-3}{p}pi(p)-2right]-int_{3^-}^{p^+}pi(x)left(1+frac3{x^2}right)mathrm{d}x\[3pt]
        &=frac{p^2}{2log(p)}+frac{p^2}{4log(p)^2}+frac{p^2}{4log(p)^3}+O!left(frac{p^2}{log(p)^4}right)
        end{align}
        $$

        Thus, we have
        $$
        frac1{p^2-1}sum_{q=3}^pfrac{q^2-3}{q}simfrac1{2log(p)}+frac1{4log(p)^2}+frac1{4log(p)^3}
        $$

        whose plot looks like



        enter image description here






        share|cite|improve this answer











        $endgroup$



        $$
        begin{align}
        sum_{q=3}^pfrac{q^2-3}{q}
        &=int_{3^-}^{p^+}frac{x^2-3}{x},mathrm{d}pi(x)\
        &=left[frac{p^2-3}{p}pi(p)-2right]-int_{3^-}^{p^+}pi(x)left(1+frac3{x^2}right)mathrm{d}x\[3pt]
        &=frac{p^2}{2log(p)}+frac{p^2}{4log(p)^2}+frac{p^2}{4log(p)^3}+O!left(frac{p^2}{log(p)^4}right)
        end{align}
        $$

        Thus, we have
        $$
        frac1{p^2-1}sum_{q=3}^pfrac{q^2-3}{q}simfrac1{2log(p)}+frac1{4log(p)^2}+frac1{4log(p)^3}
        $$

        whose plot looks like



        enter image description here







        share|cite|improve this answer














        share|cite|improve this answer



        share|cite|improve this answer








        edited Mar 19 at 11:36

























        answered Mar 18 at 20:50









        robjohnrobjohn

        270k27312640




        270k27312640























            2












            $begingroup$

            $$f(p)=frac{1}{p^2-1}sum_{q=3}^pfrac{q^2-3}{q}$$
            If we use the fact that:
            $$sum_{q=3}^pfrac{q^2-3}{q}=sum_{q=3}^pq-3sum_{q=3}^pfrac1q$$
            Now we know that:
            $$sum_{q=3}^pq=sum_{q=1}^pq-sum_{q=1}^2q=frac{p(p+1)}{2}-3$$
            $$-3sum_{q=3}^pfrac1q=-3left[sum_{q=1}^pfrac1q-sum_{q=1}^2frac1qright]=-3left[ln(p)+gamma+frac{1}{2p}-frac32right]$$
            If we add these together we get:
            $$f(p)=frac{1}{p^2-1}left[frac{p(p+1)}{2}-3left(ln(p)+gamma+frac{1}{2p}-frac12right)right]$$
            Now if you find $f'(p)$ you can find a maximum value and find what this is






            share|cite|improve this answer









            $endgroup$













            • $begingroup$
              This does not work, the sum is over primes $q$
              $endgroup$
              – Crostul
              Mar 18 at 20:57










            • $begingroup$
              Ah my mistake, I missed the fact that we are only summing primes
              $endgroup$
              – Henry Lee
              Mar 18 at 20:58
















            2












            $begingroup$

            $$f(p)=frac{1}{p^2-1}sum_{q=3}^pfrac{q^2-3}{q}$$
            If we use the fact that:
            $$sum_{q=3}^pfrac{q^2-3}{q}=sum_{q=3}^pq-3sum_{q=3}^pfrac1q$$
            Now we know that:
            $$sum_{q=3}^pq=sum_{q=1}^pq-sum_{q=1}^2q=frac{p(p+1)}{2}-3$$
            $$-3sum_{q=3}^pfrac1q=-3left[sum_{q=1}^pfrac1q-sum_{q=1}^2frac1qright]=-3left[ln(p)+gamma+frac{1}{2p}-frac32right]$$
            If we add these together we get:
            $$f(p)=frac{1}{p^2-1}left[frac{p(p+1)}{2}-3left(ln(p)+gamma+frac{1}{2p}-frac12right)right]$$
            Now if you find $f'(p)$ you can find a maximum value and find what this is






            share|cite|improve this answer









            $endgroup$













            • $begingroup$
              This does not work, the sum is over primes $q$
              $endgroup$
              – Crostul
              Mar 18 at 20:57










            • $begingroup$
              Ah my mistake, I missed the fact that we are only summing primes
              $endgroup$
              – Henry Lee
              Mar 18 at 20:58














            2












            2








            2





            $begingroup$

            $$f(p)=frac{1}{p^2-1}sum_{q=3}^pfrac{q^2-3}{q}$$
            If we use the fact that:
            $$sum_{q=3}^pfrac{q^2-3}{q}=sum_{q=3}^pq-3sum_{q=3}^pfrac1q$$
            Now we know that:
            $$sum_{q=3}^pq=sum_{q=1}^pq-sum_{q=1}^2q=frac{p(p+1)}{2}-3$$
            $$-3sum_{q=3}^pfrac1q=-3left[sum_{q=1}^pfrac1q-sum_{q=1}^2frac1qright]=-3left[ln(p)+gamma+frac{1}{2p}-frac32right]$$
            If we add these together we get:
            $$f(p)=frac{1}{p^2-1}left[frac{p(p+1)}{2}-3left(ln(p)+gamma+frac{1}{2p}-frac12right)right]$$
            Now if you find $f'(p)$ you can find a maximum value and find what this is






            share|cite|improve this answer









            $endgroup$



            $$f(p)=frac{1}{p^2-1}sum_{q=3}^pfrac{q^2-3}{q}$$
            If we use the fact that:
            $$sum_{q=3}^pfrac{q^2-3}{q}=sum_{q=3}^pq-3sum_{q=3}^pfrac1q$$
            Now we know that:
            $$sum_{q=3}^pq=sum_{q=1}^pq-sum_{q=1}^2q=frac{p(p+1)}{2}-3$$
            $$-3sum_{q=3}^pfrac1q=-3left[sum_{q=1}^pfrac1q-sum_{q=1}^2frac1qright]=-3left[ln(p)+gamma+frac{1}{2p}-frac32right]$$
            If we add these together we get:
            $$f(p)=frac{1}{p^2-1}left[frac{p(p+1)}{2}-3left(ln(p)+gamma+frac{1}{2p}-frac12right)right]$$
            Now if you find $f'(p)$ you can find a maximum value and find what this is







            share|cite|improve this answer












            share|cite|improve this answer



            share|cite|improve this answer










            answered Mar 18 at 20:48









            Henry LeeHenry Lee

            2,201319




            2,201319












            • $begingroup$
              This does not work, the sum is over primes $q$
              $endgroup$
              – Crostul
              Mar 18 at 20:57










            • $begingroup$
              Ah my mistake, I missed the fact that we are only summing primes
              $endgroup$
              – Henry Lee
              Mar 18 at 20:58


















            • $begingroup$
              This does not work, the sum is over primes $q$
              $endgroup$
              – Crostul
              Mar 18 at 20:57










            • $begingroup$
              Ah my mistake, I missed the fact that we are only summing primes
              $endgroup$
              – Henry Lee
              Mar 18 at 20:58
















            $begingroup$
            This does not work, the sum is over primes $q$
            $endgroup$
            – Crostul
            Mar 18 at 20:57




            $begingroup$
            This does not work, the sum is over primes $q$
            $endgroup$
            – Crostul
            Mar 18 at 20:57












            $begingroup$
            Ah my mistake, I missed the fact that we are only summing primes
            $endgroup$
            – Henry Lee
            Mar 18 at 20:58




            $begingroup$
            Ah my mistake, I missed the fact that we are only summing primes
            $endgroup$
            – Henry Lee
            Mar 18 at 20:58











            1












            $begingroup$

            The result is true for $p = 3$, $5$, and $7$, so assume that $p = 2n+1$ for $n ge 4$.
            Note that all the primes $q$ occurring in the sum are odd. Thus



            $$
            begin{aligned}
            f(p) = f(2n+1) = & frac{1}{4n^2 + 4n} sum_{q=3}^{p, text{ with $q$ prime}} frac{q^2 - 3}{q}\
            < & frac{1}{4(n^2 + n)} sum_{q=3}^{p, text{ with $q$ prime}} q \
            < & frac{1}{4(n^2 + n)} sum_{q = 3}^{p, text{with $q$ odd}}
            q \
            = & frac{1}{4(n^2 + n)} sum_{j=1}^{n} (2j+1)\
            = & frac{n^2 +2n}{4(n^2 + n)} \
            = & frac{3}{10} - frac{(n-4)}{20(n+1)} \
            le & frac{3}{10}. end{aligned}$$



            In reality, $f(p) rightarrow 0$, since



            $$f(p) le frac{1}{p^2} sum_{q le p} q
            le frac{1}{p^2} sum_{q le p} p
            = frac{1}{p^2} cdot p pi(p) sim 1/log p.$$






            share|cite|improve this answer









            $endgroup$













            • $begingroup$
              Welcome to Mathematics Stack Exchange! A quick tour will enhance your experience. Here are helpful tips to write a good question and write a good answer.
              $endgroup$
              – dantopa
              Mar 18 at 21:07










            • $begingroup$
              @dantopa strange that you would pick on this answer by a noob which is actually the only one which gives a complete answer to the OP. Not a good look for the site TBH.
              $endgroup$
              – user655377
              Mar 19 at 21:14










            • $begingroup$
              @user655377: It is unclear how a welcome message is a form of denigration. Perhaps you could elaborate.
              $endgroup$
              – dantopa
              Mar 19 at 23:23
















            1












            $begingroup$

            The result is true for $p = 3$, $5$, and $7$, so assume that $p = 2n+1$ for $n ge 4$.
            Note that all the primes $q$ occurring in the sum are odd. Thus



            $$
            begin{aligned}
            f(p) = f(2n+1) = & frac{1}{4n^2 + 4n} sum_{q=3}^{p, text{ with $q$ prime}} frac{q^2 - 3}{q}\
            < & frac{1}{4(n^2 + n)} sum_{q=3}^{p, text{ with $q$ prime}} q \
            < & frac{1}{4(n^2 + n)} sum_{q = 3}^{p, text{with $q$ odd}}
            q \
            = & frac{1}{4(n^2 + n)} sum_{j=1}^{n} (2j+1)\
            = & frac{n^2 +2n}{4(n^2 + n)} \
            = & frac{3}{10} - frac{(n-4)}{20(n+1)} \
            le & frac{3}{10}. end{aligned}$$



            In reality, $f(p) rightarrow 0$, since



            $$f(p) le frac{1}{p^2} sum_{q le p} q
            le frac{1}{p^2} sum_{q le p} p
            = frac{1}{p^2} cdot p pi(p) sim 1/log p.$$






            share|cite|improve this answer









            $endgroup$













            • $begingroup$
              Welcome to Mathematics Stack Exchange! A quick tour will enhance your experience. Here are helpful tips to write a good question and write a good answer.
              $endgroup$
              – dantopa
              Mar 18 at 21:07










            • $begingroup$
              @dantopa strange that you would pick on this answer by a noob which is actually the only one which gives a complete answer to the OP. Not a good look for the site TBH.
              $endgroup$
              – user655377
              Mar 19 at 21:14










            • $begingroup$
              @user655377: It is unclear how a welcome message is a form of denigration. Perhaps you could elaborate.
              $endgroup$
              – dantopa
              Mar 19 at 23:23














            1












            1








            1





            $begingroup$

            The result is true for $p = 3$, $5$, and $7$, so assume that $p = 2n+1$ for $n ge 4$.
            Note that all the primes $q$ occurring in the sum are odd. Thus



            $$
            begin{aligned}
            f(p) = f(2n+1) = & frac{1}{4n^2 + 4n} sum_{q=3}^{p, text{ with $q$ prime}} frac{q^2 - 3}{q}\
            < & frac{1}{4(n^2 + n)} sum_{q=3}^{p, text{ with $q$ prime}} q \
            < & frac{1}{4(n^2 + n)} sum_{q = 3}^{p, text{with $q$ odd}}
            q \
            = & frac{1}{4(n^2 + n)} sum_{j=1}^{n} (2j+1)\
            = & frac{n^2 +2n}{4(n^2 + n)} \
            = & frac{3}{10} - frac{(n-4)}{20(n+1)} \
            le & frac{3}{10}. end{aligned}$$



            In reality, $f(p) rightarrow 0$, since



            $$f(p) le frac{1}{p^2} sum_{q le p} q
            le frac{1}{p^2} sum_{q le p} p
            = frac{1}{p^2} cdot p pi(p) sim 1/log p.$$






            share|cite|improve this answer









            $endgroup$



            The result is true for $p = 3$, $5$, and $7$, so assume that $p = 2n+1$ for $n ge 4$.
            Note that all the primes $q$ occurring in the sum are odd. Thus



            $$
            begin{aligned}
            f(p) = f(2n+1) = & frac{1}{4n^2 + 4n} sum_{q=3}^{p, text{ with $q$ prime}} frac{q^2 - 3}{q}\
            < & frac{1}{4(n^2 + n)} sum_{q=3}^{p, text{ with $q$ prime}} q \
            < & frac{1}{4(n^2 + n)} sum_{q = 3}^{p, text{with $q$ odd}}
            q \
            = & frac{1}{4(n^2 + n)} sum_{j=1}^{n} (2j+1)\
            = & frac{n^2 +2n}{4(n^2 + n)} \
            = & frac{3}{10} - frac{(n-4)}{20(n+1)} \
            le & frac{3}{10}. end{aligned}$$



            In reality, $f(p) rightarrow 0$, since



            $$f(p) le frac{1}{p^2} sum_{q le p} q
            le frac{1}{p^2} sum_{q le p} p
            = frac{1}{p^2} cdot p pi(p) sim 1/log p.$$







            share|cite|improve this answer












            share|cite|improve this answer



            share|cite|improve this answer










            answered Mar 18 at 21:01









            user655522user655522

            111




            111












            • $begingroup$
              Welcome to Mathematics Stack Exchange! A quick tour will enhance your experience. Here are helpful tips to write a good question and write a good answer.
              $endgroup$
              – dantopa
              Mar 18 at 21:07










            • $begingroup$
              @dantopa strange that you would pick on this answer by a noob which is actually the only one which gives a complete answer to the OP. Not a good look for the site TBH.
              $endgroup$
              – user655377
              Mar 19 at 21:14










            • $begingroup$
              @user655377: It is unclear how a welcome message is a form of denigration. Perhaps you could elaborate.
              $endgroup$
              – dantopa
              Mar 19 at 23:23


















            • $begingroup$
              Welcome to Mathematics Stack Exchange! A quick tour will enhance your experience. Here are helpful tips to write a good question and write a good answer.
              $endgroup$
              – dantopa
              Mar 18 at 21:07










            • $begingroup$
              @dantopa strange that you would pick on this answer by a noob which is actually the only one which gives a complete answer to the OP. Not a good look for the site TBH.
              $endgroup$
              – user655377
              Mar 19 at 21:14










            • $begingroup$
              @user655377: It is unclear how a welcome message is a form of denigration. Perhaps you could elaborate.
              $endgroup$
              – dantopa
              Mar 19 at 23:23
















            $begingroup$
            Welcome to Mathematics Stack Exchange! A quick tour will enhance your experience. Here are helpful tips to write a good question and write a good answer.
            $endgroup$
            – dantopa
            Mar 18 at 21:07




            $begingroup$
            Welcome to Mathematics Stack Exchange! A quick tour will enhance your experience. Here are helpful tips to write a good question and write a good answer.
            $endgroup$
            – dantopa
            Mar 18 at 21:07












            $begingroup$
            @dantopa strange that you would pick on this answer by a noob which is actually the only one which gives a complete answer to the OP. Not a good look for the site TBH.
            $endgroup$
            – user655377
            Mar 19 at 21:14




            $begingroup$
            @dantopa strange that you would pick on this answer by a noob which is actually the only one which gives a complete answer to the OP. Not a good look for the site TBH.
            $endgroup$
            – user655377
            Mar 19 at 21:14












            $begingroup$
            @user655377: It is unclear how a welcome message is a form of denigration. Perhaps you could elaborate.
            $endgroup$
            – dantopa
            Mar 19 at 23:23




            $begingroup$
            @user655377: It is unclear how a welcome message is a form of denigration. Perhaps you could elaborate.
            $endgroup$
            – dantopa
            Mar 19 at 23:23


















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