Silikat




Silikatmineral
Chrysocolla.jpg
Koparsilikatmineralet krysokoll
KategoriMineral

Silikatmineral er den mest utbreidde gruppa mineral i jordskorpa. Silisiumdioksid, silika (SiO2), utgjer vektmessig omkring 60 % av skorpa, anten i fri form (vesentleg som kvarts) eller i bunden form som silikat. Dei aller fleste magmatiske og metamorfe bergartar og mange sedimentære bergartar (med unntak av karbonatbergartane) består for ein vesentleg del av silikat og kvarts.




Innhaldsliste





  • 1 Nesosilikat eller ortosilikat


  • 2 Sorosilikat


  • 3 Syklosilikat


  • 4 Inosilikat

    • 4.1 Enkelkjeda


    • 4.2 Dobbelkjelda



  • 5 Fylosilikat


  • 6 Tektosilikat


  • 7 Bakgrunnsstoff




Nesosilikat eller ortosilikat |




Nesosilikat ved Museum of Geology i South Dakota.


Nesosilikat (frå gresk νησος nēsos, øy), eller ortosilikat, har isolerte [SiO4]4−tetraeder som er knytt saman berre av kation i mellomromma. Kvote O/Si er ≥4


  • Fenakittgruppa

    • Fenakitt - Be2SiO4


    • Willemitt - Zn2SiO4



  • Olivingruppa

    • Forsteritt - Mg2SiO4


    • Fayalitt - Fe2SiO4



  • Granatgruppa

    • Pyrop - Mg3Al2(SiO4)3


    • Almandin - Fe3Al2(SiO4)3


    • Spessartin - Mn3Al2(SiO4)3


    • Grossular - Ca3Al2(SiO4)3


    • Andraditt - Ca3Fe2(SiO4)3


    • Uvarovitt - Ca3Cr2(SiO4)3


    • Hydrogrossular - Ca3Al2Si2O8(SiO4)3-m(OH)4m


  • Zirkongruppa

    • Zirkon - ZrSiO4


    • Thoritt - (Th,U)SiO4





Kyanittkrystallar (ukjend skala)


  • Al2SiO5-gruppa

    • Andalusitt - Al2SiO5


    • Kyanitt - Al2SiO5


    • Sillimanitt - Al2SiO5


    • Dumortieritt - Al6.5-7BO3(SiO4)3(O,OH)3


    • Topas - Al2SiO4(F,OH)2


    • Staurolitt - Fe2Al9(SiO4)4(O,OH)2



  • Humittgruppa - (Mg,Fe)7(SiO4)3(F,OH)2

    • Norbergitt - Mg3(SiO4)(F,OH)2


    • Kondroditt - Mg5(SiO4)2(F,OH)2


    • Humitt - Mg7(SiO4)3(F,OH)2


    • Klinohumitt - Mg9(SiO4)4(F,OH)2



  • Datolitt - CaBSiO4(OH)


  • Titanitt - CaTiSiO5


  • Kloritoid - (Fe,Mg,Mn)2Al4Si2O10(OH)4


  • Mullitt (porcelainitt) - Al6Si2O13


Sorosilikat |




Sorosilikatutstilling i Museum of Geology i Sør-Dakota.


Kvote O/Si er 3,5



  • Hemimorfitt (kalamin) - Zn4(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O


  • Lawsonitt - CaAl2(Si2O7)(OH)2·H2O


  • Ilvaitt - CaFe2+2Fe3+O(Si2O7)(OH)

  • Epidotgruppa (har både (SiO4)4− og (Si2O7)6− grupper)

    • Epidot - Ca2(Al,Fe)3O(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)


    • Zoisitt - Ca2Al3O(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)


    • Clinozoisitt - Ca2Al3O(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)


    • Tanzanitt - Ca2Al3O(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)


    • Allanitt - Ca(Ce,La,Y,Ca)Al2(Fe2+,Fe3+)O(SiO4)(Si2O7)(OH)


    • Dollaseitt-(Ce) - CaCeMg2AlSi3O11F(OH)



  • Vesuvianitt (idokras) - Ca10(Mg,Fe)2Al4(SiO4)5(Si2O7)2(OH)4


Syklosilikat |




Syklosilikat ved Museum of Geology i South Dakota


Kvote O/Si er 3


  • 3-ringa

    • Benitoitt - BaTi(Si3O9)

  • 6-ringa

    • Axinitt - (Ca,Fe,Mn)3Al2(BO3)(Si4O12)(OH)


    • Beryll/smaragd - Be3Al2(Si6O18)


    • Cordieritt - (Mg,Fe)2Al3(Si5AlO18)


    • Tourmalin - (Na,Ca)(Al,Li,Mg)3-(Al,Fe,Mn)6(Si6O18(BO3)3(OH)4



Inosilikat |



Enkelkjeda |



  • Pyroksengruppa
    • Enstatitt - orthoferrosilittserien

      • Enstatitt - MgSiO3


      • Ferrosilitt - FeSiO3



    • Pigeonitt - Ca0.25(Mg,Fe)1.75Si2O6

    • Diopsid - hedenbergittserien

      • Diopsid - CaMgSi2O6


      • Hedenbergitt - CaFeSi2O6


      • Augitt - (Ca,Na)(Mg,Fe,Al)(Si,Al)2O6


    • Natriumpyroksenserien

      • Jadeitt - NaAlSi2O6


      • Aegirin (Acmitt) - NaFe3+Si2O6



    • Spodumen - LiAlSi2O6


  • Pyroksenoidgruppa

    • Wollastonitt - CaSiO3


    • Rhodonitt - MnSiO3


    • Pektolitt - NaCa2(Si3O8)(OH)



Dobbelkjelda |



  • Amfibolgruppa

    • Anthophyllitt - (Mg,Fe)7Si8O22(OH)2

    • Cumingtonittserien

      • Cummingtonitt - Fe2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2


      • Gruneritt - Fe7Si8O22(OH)2


    • Tremolittserien

      • Tremolitt - Ca2Mg5Si8O22(OH)2


      • Actinolitt - Ca2(Mg,Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2



    • Hornblende - (Ca,Na)2-3(Mg,Fe,Al)5Si6(Al,Si)2O22(OH)2

    • Natriumamfibolgruppa

      • Glaukofan - Na2Mg3Al2Si8O22(OH)2


      • Riebeckitt (asbest) - Na2Fe2+3Fe3+2Si8O22(OH)2


      • Arfvedsonitt - Na3(Fe,Mg)4FeSi8O22(OH)2



Fylosilikat |




Kaolin


Kvote O/(Si+Al) er 2,5 (når Al er sentralatom)



  • Serpentin

    • Antigoritt - Mg3Si2O5(OH)4


    • Chrysotile - Mg3Si2O5(OH)4


    • Lizarditt - Mg3Si2O5(OH)4



  • Leirmineralgruppa

    • Halloysitt - Al2Si2O5(OH)4


    • Kaolinitt - Al2Si2O5(OH)4


    • Illitt - (K,H3O)(Al,Mg,Fe)2(Si,Al)4O10[(OH)2,(H2O)]


    • Montmorillonitt - (Na,Ca)0.33(Al,Mg)2Si4O10(OH)2·nH2O


    • Vermiculitt - (MgFe,Al)3(Al,Si)4O10(OH)2·4H2O


    • Talk - Mg3Si4O10(OH)2


    • Palygorskitt - (Mg,Al)2Si4O10(OH)·4(H2O)


    • Pyrophyllitt - Al2Si4O10(OH)2



  • Glimmergruppa

    • Biotitt - K(Mg,Fe)3(AlSi3)O10(OH)2


    • Muskovitt - KAl2(AlSi3)O10(OH)2


    • Flogopitt - KMg3(AlSi3)O10(OH)2


    • Lepidolitt - K(Li,Al)2-3(AlSi3)O10(OH)2


    • Margaritt - CaAl2(Al2Si2)O10(OH)2


    • Glaukonitt - (K,Na)(Al,Mg,Fe)2(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2



  • Klorittgruppa
    • Kloritt - (Mg,Fe)3(Si,Al)4O10(OH)2•(Mg,Fe)3(OH)6


Tektosilikat |





Kvarts


Kvote O/(Si+Al) er 2 (når Al er sentralatom)


  • Kvartsgruppa

    • Kvarts - SiO2


    • Tridymitt - SiO2


    • Cristobalitt - SiO2


    • Coesitt - SiO2



  • Feltspatfamilien
    • Alkali-feltspat (kaliumfeltspat)

      • Mikroklin - KAlSi3O8


      • Ortoklas - KAlSi3O8


      • Anortoklas - (Na,K)AlSi3O8


      • Sanidin - KAlSi3O8


      • Albitt - NaAlSi3O8



    • Plagioklasfeltspat

      • Albitt - NaAlSi3O8


      • Oligoklas - (Na,Ca)(Si,Al)4O8 (Na:Ca 4:1)


      • Andesin - (Na,Ca)(Si,Al)4O8 (Na:Ca 3:2)


      • Labradoritt - (Na,Ca)(Si,Al)4O8 (Na:Ca 2:3)


      • Bytownitt - (Na,Ca)(Si,Al)4O8 (Na:Ca 1:4)


      • Anorthitt - CaAl2Si2O8




  • Feldspatoidfamilien

    • Nosean - Na8Al6Si6O24(SO4)


    • Cancrinitt - Na6Ca2(CO3,Al6Si6O24).2H2O


    • Leucitt - KAlSi2O6


    • Nefelin - (Na,K)AlSiO4


    • Sodalitt - Na8(AlSiO4)6Cl2

      • Hauyne - (Na,Ca)4-8Al6Si6(O,S)24(SO4,Cl)1-2


    • Lazuritt - (Na,Ca)8(AlSiO4)6(SO4,S,Cl)2



  • Petalitt - LiAlSi4O10


  • Scapolittgruppa

    • Marialitt - Na4(AlSi3O8)3(Cl2,CO3,SO4)


    • Meionitt - Ca4(Al2Si2O8)3(Cl2CO3,SO4)



  • Analcim - NaAlSi2O6•H2O


  • Zeolittfamilien

    • Natrolitt - Na2Al2Si3O10•2H2O


    • Chabazitt - CaAl2Si4O12•6H2O


    • Heulanditt - CaAl2Si7O18•6H2O


    • Stilbitt - NaCa2Al5Si13O36•17H2O


    • Scolecitt - CaAl2Si3O10.3H2O


    • Mordenitt - (Ca,Na2,K2)Al2Si10O24•7H2O



Bakgrunnsstoff |




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