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How can I change step-down my variable input voltage? [Microcontroller]


Lowering voltage linearRGB LED Strip - Variable Voltage Vs. PWMProperly controlling a 6V servo motor from a microcontroller?How do I measure ~16V battery voltage in an ultra low power system?How do I amplify an input signal to match the peak of another signalPrecision voltage dividerHow to calibrate Unipolar ADC in softwareHow to obtain a dual power supply ±2.5V from a battery for a portable system?Step down voltage regulator uncertaintiesConverting 0-5 volts (linear) to +2.5 — 0 — +2.5 volts (“vee”)













1












$begingroup$


Ok so here's the deal:



I have a variable DC Voltage source from 0-10V.



I need to step that down to a variable source of 0-3V.



This 0-3V DC will be fed to an Analog to Digital converter in a microcontroller.



I know I can potentially use a Voltage Divider (using resistors) but apparently, that's not a good solution.



Op-amps don't provide a gain < 1.



So I'm just struggling as to how I can accomplish this.



The microcontroller: https://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/en/PIC18F47K42



Thanks!










share|improve this question









New contributor




Alee321 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.







$endgroup$











  • $begingroup$
    How can you use a voltage of 0 to 3V as the supply voltage for a microcontroller? Your description of this doesn't make any sense. You should draw a schematic.
    $endgroup$
    – Elliot Alderson
    5 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @ElliotAlderson you're right I'm sorry. It's not to power the microcontroller. The application is to simulate dimming, based on the 0-10V from the DC Source the voltage must be stepped down from 0-3V. This is the voltage range readable by the uC which will determine the duty cycle of a PWM used to dim an LED.
    $endgroup$
    – Alee321
    5 hours ago







  • 2




    $begingroup$
    A resistive divider is fine then. You might want to put an op-amp voltage follower in between the divider and ADC input to buffer things but it's not always necessary. Search this site. There are many existing answers addressing your question.
    $endgroup$
    – Toor
    4 hours ago







  • 2




    $begingroup$
    A voltage divider may be a perfectly good solution provided (a) the source impedance isn't too high and (b) you can tolerate the small energy consumption. Your question doesn't include details of either.
    $endgroup$
    – Transistor
    4 hours ago















1












$begingroup$


Ok so here's the deal:



I have a variable DC Voltage source from 0-10V.



I need to step that down to a variable source of 0-3V.



This 0-3V DC will be fed to an Analog to Digital converter in a microcontroller.



I know I can potentially use a Voltage Divider (using resistors) but apparently, that's not a good solution.



Op-amps don't provide a gain < 1.



So I'm just struggling as to how I can accomplish this.



The microcontroller: https://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/en/PIC18F47K42



Thanks!










share|improve this question









New contributor




Alee321 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.







$endgroup$











  • $begingroup$
    How can you use a voltage of 0 to 3V as the supply voltage for a microcontroller? Your description of this doesn't make any sense. You should draw a schematic.
    $endgroup$
    – Elliot Alderson
    5 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @ElliotAlderson you're right I'm sorry. It's not to power the microcontroller. The application is to simulate dimming, based on the 0-10V from the DC Source the voltage must be stepped down from 0-3V. This is the voltage range readable by the uC which will determine the duty cycle of a PWM used to dim an LED.
    $endgroup$
    – Alee321
    5 hours ago







  • 2




    $begingroup$
    A resistive divider is fine then. You might want to put an op-amp voltage follower in between the divider and ADC input to buffer things but it's not always necessary. Search this site. There are many existing answers addressing your question.
    $endgroup$
    – Toor
    4 hours ago







  • 2




    $begingroup$
    A voltage divider may be a perfectly good solution provided (a) the source impedance isn't too high and (b) you can tolerate the small energy consumption. Your question doesn't include details of either.
    $endgroup$
    – Transistor
    4 hours ago













1












1








1





$begingroup$


Ok so here's the deal:



I have a variable DC Voltage source from 0-10V.



I need to step that down to a variable source of 0-3V.



This 0-3V DC will be fed to an Analog to Digital converter in a microcontroller.



I know I can potentially use a Voltage Divider (using resistors) but apparently, that's not a good solution.



Op-amps don't provide a gain < 1.



So I'm just struggling as to how I can accomplish this.



The microcontroller: https://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/en/PIC18F47K42



Thanks!










share|improve this question









New contributor




Alee321 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.







$endgroup$




Ok so here's the deal:



I have a variable DC Voltage source from 0-10V.



I need to step that down to a variable source of 0-3V.



This 0-3V DC will be fed to an Analog to Digital converter in a microcontroller.



I know I can potentially use a Voltage Divider (using resistors) but apparently, that's not a good solution.



Op-amps don't provide a gain < 1.



So I'm just struggling as to how I can accomplish this.



The microcontroller: https://www.microchip.com/wwwproducts/en/PIC18F47K42



Thanks!







microcontroller voltage power dc variable






share|improve this question









New contributor




Alee321 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











share|improve this question









New contributor




Alee321 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









share|improve this question




share|improve this question








edited 5 hours ago







Alee321













New contributor




Alee321 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.









asked 5 hours ago









Alee321Alee321

62




62




New contributor




Alee321 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.





New contributor





Alee321 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.






Alee321 is a new contributor to this site. Take care in asking for clarification, commenting, and answering.
Check out our Code of Conduct.











  • $begingroup$
    How can you use a voltage of 0 to 3V as the supply voltage for a microcontroller? Your description of this doesn't make any sense. You should draw a schematic.
    $endgroup$
    – Elliot Alderson
    5 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @ElliotAlderson you're right I'm sorry. It's not to power the microcontroller. The application is to simulate dimming, based on the 0-10V from the DC Source the voltage must be stepped down from 0-3V. This is the voltage range readable by the uC which will determine the duty cycle of a PWM used to dim an LED.
    $endgroup$
    – Alee321
    5 hours ago







  • 2




    $begingroup$
    A resistive divider is fine then. You might want to put an op-amp voltage follower in between the divider and ADC input to buffer things but it's not always necessary. Search this site. There are many existing answers addressing your question.
    $endgroup$
    – Toor
    4 hours ago







  • 2




    $begingroup$
    A voltage divider may be a perfectly good solution provided (a) the source impedance isn't too high and (b) you can tolerate the small energy consumption. Your question doesn't include details of either.
    $endgroup$
    – Transistor
    4 hours ago
















  • $begingroup$
    How can you use a voltage of 0 to 3V as the supply voltage for a microcontroller? Your description of this doesn't make any sense. You should draw a schematic.
    $endgroup$
    – Elliot Alderson
    5 hours ago










  • $begingroup$
    @ElliotAlderson you're right I'm sorry. It's not to power the microcontroller. The application is to simulate dimming, based on the 0-10V from the DC Source the voltage must be stepped down from 0-3V. This is the voltage range readable by the uC which will determine the duty cycle of a PWM used to dim an LED.
    $endgroup$
    – Alee321
    5 hours ago







  • 2




    $begingroup$
    A resistive divider is fine then. You might want to put an op-amp voltage follower in between the divider and ADC input to buffer things but it's not always necessary. Search this site. There are many existing answers addressing your question.
    $endgroup$
    – Toor
    4 hours ago







  • 2




    $begingroup$
    A voltage divider may be a perfectly good solution provided (a) the source impedance isn't too high and (b) you can tolerate the small energy consumption. Your question doesn't include details of either.
    $endgroup$
    – Transistor
    4 hours ago















$begingroup$
How can you use a voltage of 0 to 3V as the supply voltage for a microcontroller? Your description of this doesn't make any sense. You should draw a schematic.
$endgroup$
– Elliot Alderson
5 hours ago




$begingroup$
How can you use a voltage of 0 to 3V as the supply voltage for a microcontroller? Your description of this doesn't make any sense. You should draw a schematic.
$endgroup$
– Elliot Alderson
5 hours ago












$begingroup$
@ElliotAlderson you're right I'm sorry. It's not to power the microcontroller. The application is to simulate dimming, based on the 0-10V from the DC Source the voltage must be stepped down from 0-3V. This is the voltage range readable by the uC which will determine the duty cycle of a PWM used to dim an LED.
$endgroup$
– Alee321
5 hours ago





$begingroup$
@ElliotAlderson you're right I'm sorry. It's not to power the microcontroller. The application is to simulate dimming, based on the 0-10V from the DC Source the voltage must be stepped down from 0-3V. This is the voltage range readable by the uC which will determine the duty cycle of a PWM used to dim an LED.
$endgroup$
– Alee321
5 hours ago





2




2




$begingroup$
A resistive divider is fine then. You might want to put an op-amp voltage follower in between the divider and ADC input to buffer things but it's not always necessary. Search this site. There are many existing answers addressing your question.
$endgroup$
– Toor
4 hours ago





$begingroup$
A resistive divider is fine then. You might want to put an op-amp voltage follower in between the divider and ADC input to buffer things but it's not always necessary. Search this site. There are many existing answers addressing your question.
$endgroup$
– Toor
4 hours ago





2




2




$begingroup$
A voltage divider may be a perfectly good solution provided (a) the source impedance isn't too high and (b) you can tolerate the small energy consumption. Your question doesn't include details of either.
$endgroup$
– Transistor
4 hours ago




$begingroup$
A voltage divider may be a perfectly good solution provided (a) the source impedance isn't too high and (b) you can tolerate the small energy consumption. Your question doesn't include details of either.
$endgroup$
– Transistor
4 hours ago










3 Answers
3






active

oldest

votes


















2












$begingroup$

R divider works fine as long as R is not too high.



If you know the conversion rate and Hold Cap acquisition time



**strong text**
EQUATION 36-1: ACQUISITION TIME EXAMPLE in the datasheet provides the formula and example of choosing R values < 10k.



Rs is the source equivalent // resistance of the R divider, R1//R2.






share|improve this answer









$endgroup$




















    1












    $begingroup$

    A resistor divider works fine as long as the source impedance is low and the ADC impedance is high (compared to the resistors used for the divider).



    If your source impedance is high, use an opamp in voltage follower mode (gain = 1) before the divider. If your ADC impedance is low (unlikely) use a voltage follower after the divider.






    share|improve this answer









    $endgroup$












    • $begingroup$
      ADCs can have low input impedances, because those sample-and-hold circuits have a capacitor that needs to be charged! A tiny one, but it's still there. Too high a resistance can mean you need to sample for longer, slowing your reads, which may or may not be acceptable.
      $endgroup$
      – Hearth
      3 hours ago



















    0












    $begingroup$

    In addition to @Toor suggestion (voltage follower and voltage divider) and in response to OP statement




    Op-amps don't provide a gain < 1.




    follows my alternative configuration using a single supply difference amplifier. The output is reversed - if you do not mind correct it in software applying $V_o=3 - 0.3V_i$.



    ADC Level Shifter - Dirceu






    share|improve this answer









    $endgroup$








    • 1




      $begingroup$
      As opposed to my voltage follower suggestion, this one has better common-mode rejection at the expense of inverting the signal.
      $endgroup$
      – Toor
      3 hours ago











    • $begingroup$
      Are those resistor values correct? I think it's supposed to be more along the lines of 6.66K/3.33K, or 10K/5K or something like that.
      $endgroup$
      – Toor
      3 hours ago











    • $begingroup$
      I think that it's correct. Try to apply superposition to inputs 10 V and Vi.
      $endgroup$
      – Dirceu Rodrigues Jr
      2 hours ago










    Your Answer





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    3 Answers
    3






    active

    oldest

    votes








    3 Answers
    3






    active

    oldest

    votes









    active

    oldest

    votes






    active

    oldest

    votes









    2












    $begingroup$

    R divider works fine as long as R is not too high.



    If you know the conversion rate and Hold Cap acquisition time



    **strong text**
    EQUATION 36-1: ACQUISITION TIME EXAMPLE in the datasheet provides the formula and example of choosing R values < 10k.



    Rs is the source equivalent // resistance of the R divider, R1//R2.






    share|improve this answer









    $endgroup$

















      2












      $begingroup$

      R divider works fine as long as R is not too high.



      If you know the conversion rate and Hold Cap acquisition time



      **strong text**
      EQUATION 36-1: ACQUISITION TIME EXAMPLE in the datasheet provides the formula and example of choosing R values < 10k.



      Rs is the source equivalent // resistance of the R divider, R1//R2.






      share|improve this answer









      $endgroup$















        2












        2








        2





        $begingroup$

        R divider works fine as long as R is not too high.



        If you know the conversion rate and Hold Cap acquisition time



        **strong text**
        EQUATION 36-1: ACQUISITION TIME EXAMPLE in the datasheet provides the formula and example of choosing R values < 10k.



        Rs is the source equivalent // resistance of the R divider, R1//R2.






        share|improve this answer









        $endgroup$



        R divider works fine as long as R is not too high.



        If you know the conversion rate and Hold Cap acquisition time



        **strong text**
        EQUATION 36-1: ACQUISITION TIME EXAMPLE in the datasheet provides the formula and example of choosing R values < 10k.



        Rs is the source equivalent // resistance of the R divider, R1//R2.







        share|improve this answer












        share|improve this answer



        share|improve this answer










        answered 4 hours ago









        Sunnyskyguy EE75Sunnyskyguy EE75

        68.7k22598




        68.7k22598























            1












            $begingroup$

            A resistor divider works fine as long as the source impedance is low and the ADC impedance is high (compared to the resistors used for the divider).



            If your source impedance is high, use an opamp in voltage follower mode (gain = 1) before the divider. If your ADC impedance is low (unlikely) use a voltage follower after the divider.






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$












            • $begingroup$
              ADCs can have low input impedances, because those sample-and-hold circuits have a capacitor that needs to be charged! A tiny one, but it's still there. Too high a resistance can mean you need to sample for longer, slowing your reads, which may or may not be acceptable.
              $endgroup$
              – Hearth
              3 hours ago
















            1












            $begingroup$

            A resistor divider works fine as long as the source impedance is low and the ADC impedance is high (compared to the resistors used for the divider).



            If your source impedance is high, use an opamp in voltage follower mode (gain = 1) before the divider. If your ADC impedance is low (unlikely) use a voltage follower after the divider.






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$












            • $begingroup$
              ADCs can have low input impedances, because those sample-and-hold circuits have a capacitor that needs to be charged! A tiny one, but it's still there. Too high a resistance can mean you need to sample for longer, slowing your reads, which may or may not be acceptable.
              $endgroup$
              – Hearth
              3 hours ago














            1












            1








            1





            $begingroup$

            A resistor divider works fine as long as the source impedance is low and the ADC impedance is high (compared to the resistors used for the divider).



            If your source impedance is high, use an opamp in voltage follower mode (gain = 1) before the divider. If your ADC impedance is low (unlikely) use a voltage follower after the divider.






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$



            A resistor divider works fine as long as the source impedance is low and the ADC impedance is high (compared to the resistors used for the divider).



            If your source impedance is high, use an opamp in voltage follower mode (gain = 1) before the divider. If your ADC impedance is low (unlikely) use a voltage follower after the divider.







            share|improve this answer












            share|improve this answer



            share|improve this answer










            answered 4 hours ago









            evildemonicevildemonic

            2,368721




            2,368721











            • $begingroup$
              ADCs can have low input impedances, because those sample-and-hold circuits have a capacitor that needs to be charged! A tiny one, but it's still there. Too high a resistance can mean you need to sample for longer, slowing your reads, which may or may not be acceptable.
              $endgroup$
              – Hearth
              3 hours ago

















            • $begingroup$
              ADCs can have low input impedances, because those sample-and-hold circuits have a capacitor that needs to be charged! A tiny one, but it's still there. Too high a resistance can mean you need to sample for longer, slowing your reads, which may or may not be acceptable.
              $endgroup$
              – Hearth
              3 hours ago
















            $begingroup$
            ADCs can have low input impedances, because those sample-and-hold circuits have a capacitor that needs to be charged! A tiny one, but it's still there. Too high a resistance can mean you need to sample for longer, slowing your reads, which may or may not be acceptable.
            $endgroup$
            – Hearth
            3 hours ago





            $begingroup$
            ADCs can have low input impedances, because those sample-and-hold circuits have a capacitor that needs to be charged! A tiny one, but it's still there. Too high a resistance can mean you need to sample for longer, slowing your reads, which may or may not be acceptable.
            $endgroup$
            – Hearth
            3 hours ago












            0












            $begingroup$

            In addition to @Toor suggestion (voltage follower and voltage divider) and in response to OP statement




            Op-amps don't provide a gain < 1.




            follows my alternative configuration using a single supply difference amplifier. The output is reversed - if you do not mind correct it in software applying $V_o=3 - 0.3V_i$.



            ADC Level Shifter - Dirceu






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$








            • 1




              $begingroup$
              As opposed to my voltage follower suggestion, this one has better common-mode rejection at the expense of inverting the signal.
              $endgroup$
              – Toor
              3 hours ago











            • $begingroup$
              Are those resistor values correct? I think it's supposed to be more along the lines of 6.66K/3.33K, or 10K/5K or something like that.
              $endgroup$
              – Toor
              3 hours ago











            • $begingroup$
              I think that it's correct. Try to apply superposition to inputs 10 V and Vi.
              $endgroup$
              – Dirceu Rodrigues Jr
              2 hours ago















            0












            $begingroup$

            In addition to @Toor suggestion (voltage follower and voltage divider) and in response to OP statement




            Op-amps don't provide a gain < 1.




            follows my alternative configuration using a single supply difference amplifier. The output is reversed - if you do not mind correct it in software applying $V_o=3 - 0.3V_i$.



            ADC Level Shifter - Dirceu






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$








            • 1




              $begingroup$
              As opposed to my voltage follower suggestion, this one has better common-mode rejection at the expense of inverting the signal.
              $endgroup$
              – Toor
              3 hours ago











            • $begingroup$
              Are those resistor values correct? I think it's supposed to be more along the lines of 6.66K/3.33K, or 10K/5K or something like that.
              $endgroup$
              – Toor
              3 hours ago











            • $begingroup$
              I think that it's correct. Try to apply superposition to inputs 10 V and Vi.
              $endgroup$
              – Dirceu Rodrigues Jr
              2 hours ago













            0












            0








            0





            $begingroup$

            In addition to @Toor suggestion (voltage follower and voltage divider) and in response to OP statement




            Op-amps don't provide a gain < 1.




            follows my alternative configuration using a single supply difference amplifier. The output is reversed - if you do not mind correct it in software applying $V_o=3 - 0.3V_i$.



            ADC Level Shifter - Dirceu






            share|improve this answer









            $endgroup$



            In addition to @Toor suggestion (voltage follower and voltage divider) and in response to OP statement




            Op-amps don't provide a gain < 1.




            follows my alternative configuration using a single supply difference amplifier. The output is reversed - if you do not mind correct it in software applying $V_o=3 - 0.3V_i$.



            ADC Level Shifter - Dirceu







            share|improve this answer












            share|improve this answer



            share|improve this answer










            answered 3 hours ago









            Dirceu Rodrigues JrDirceu Rodrigues Jr

            1,828612




            1,828612







            • 1




              $begingroup$
              As opposed to my voltage follower suggestion, this one has better common-mode rejection at the expense of inverting the signal.
              $endgroup$
              – Toor
              3 hours ago











            • $begingroup$
              Are those resistor values correct? I think it's supposed to be more along the lines of 6.66K/3.33K, or 10K/5K or something like that.
              $endgroup$
              – Toor
              3 hours ago











            • $begingroup$
              I think that it's correct. Try to apply superposition to inputs 10 V and Vi.
              $endgroup$
              – Dirceu Rodrigues Jr
              2 hours ago












            • 1




              $begingroup$
              As opposed to my voltage follower suggestion, this one has better common-mode rejection at the expense of inverting the signal.
              $endgroup$
              – Toor
              3 hours ago











            • $begingroup$
              Are those resistor values correct? I think it's supposed to be more along the lines of 6.66K/3.33K, or 10K/5K or something like that.
              $endgroup$
              – Toor
              3 hours ago











            • $begingroup$
              I think that it's correct. Try to apply superposition to inputs 10 V and Vi.
              $endgroup$
              – Dirceu Rodrigues Jr
              2 hours ago







            1




            1




            $begingroup$
            As opposed to my voltage follower suggestion, this one has better common-mode rejection at the expense of inverting the signal.
            $endgroup$
            – Toor
            3 hours ago





            $begingroup$
            As opposed to my voltage follower suggestion, this one has better common-mode rejection at the expense of inverting the signal.
            $endgroup$
            – Toor
            3 hours ago













            $begingroup$
            Are those resistor values correct? I think it's supposed to be more along the lines of 6.66K/3.33K, or 10K/5K or something like that.
            $endgroup$
            – Toor
            3 hours ago





            $begingroup$
            Are those resistor values correct? I think it's supposed to be more along the lines of 6.66K/3.33K, or 10K/5K or something like that.
            $endgroup$
            – Toor
            3 hours ago













            $begingroup$
            I think that it's correct. Try to apply superposition to inputs 10 V and Vi.
            $endgroup$
            – Dirceu Rodrigues Jr
            2 hours ago




            $begingroup$
            I think that it's correct. Try to apply superposition to inputs 10 V and Vi.
            $endgroup$
            – Dirceu Rodrigues Jr
            2 hours ago










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