Obstruent


Obstruent er ei samnemning for desse typane språklydar:



  • Orale lukkelydar – til dømes [p b p' t d t' k ɡ k'][1]


  • Klikklydar – til dømes [kǀ k! kǂ kǁ ɡǀ ɡ! ɡǂ ɡǁ ŋǀ ŋ! ŋǂ ŋǁ ]


  • Affrikatar – til dømes [ʦ ʣ ʦ' ʧ ʤ ʧ'][2]


  • Frikativar – til dømes [f v f' s z s' ʃ ʒ ʃ' x ɣ][3]

Ein språklyd som ikkje er ein obstruent, er ein sonorant.



Definisjon |


Obstruenten kan definerast ein oral språklyd som har ei så sterk innsnevring i talekanalen (svelget eller munnhola) at det anten oppstår eit fullstendig lukke (som ved plosivar og affrikatar) eller at det oppstår høyrbar friksjon (som ved affrikatar og frikativar).



Etymologi |


Ordet obstruent er danna av det latinske verbet obstruō 'mure att, stengje'.



Fotnotar |



  1. ↑ [p b t d k ɡ] er plosivar (det vil seie pulmonisk egressive orale lukkelydar, medan [p' t' k'] er glottalisk egressive orale lukkelydar, eller ein undergruppe av ejektivane.


  2. ↑ [ʦ ʣ ʧ ʤ] er pulmonisk egressive, medan [ʦ' ʧ'] er glottalisk egressive.


  3. ↑ [f v s z ʃ ʒ x ɣ] er pulmonisk egressive, medan [f' s' ʃ'] er glottalisk egressive.


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